This classification includes scarves with high quality, good comfort, all kinds of customized colors.
We export to many countries such as Russia, Germany, America etc.
Our products mainly made of cashmere, wool, cotton, acrylic, polyster etc and all the colors, sizes and compositions can be customized.
We also have many cash commodity items, we welcome customers send inquiries and cooperate together.
Scarves,Pashmina Shawl,Cashmere Scarf,Silk Bandana Jiangyin Minglang Textile Co., Ltd , https://www.jymltextile.com
Safety shoe test standard
Safety shoe covers are typically integrated into finished footwear to offer protection against impact and compression. Traditionally, steel toe caps were the standard, with some models using aluminum or other materials. In recent years, plastic or non-metallic toe caps have become more common in the market.
Compared to steel toe caps, aluminum and non-metallic alternatives are lighter but often come at a higher cost. However, they offer distinct advantages in certain applications, such as use in environments with sensitive electronics or in the petrochemical industry. Non-metallic toe caps are also widely used in airports because their material doesn’t trigger metal detectors during security screenings.
Different countries have various standards for evaluating the protective performance of safety shoes. For example, Canada follows the CSA Z195-02 standard, the U.S. uses ASTM F2413-05 (replacing ANSI Z41-1999), and the EU adheres to the PPE Directive 89/686/EEC. All these standards require that the toe cap be part of the finished shoe during testing.
It's important to note that the CE marking applies to finished products, not individual components like shoe covers. Therefore, manufacturers cannot directly apply for CE certification for just the toe cap. However, the EN 12568:1998 standard provides specific test requirements for toe caps as separate parts. This standard is similar to EN ISO 20345 but requires greater clearance after impact to compensate for softer soles that might compress upwards.
EN 12568 tests include impact and compression resistance, measurement criteria, and corrosion resistance for metal toe caps. Non-metallic toe caps undergo pre-treatment tests such as high and low temperature exposure, and chemical treatments before impact testing.
For manufacturers targeting the European market, it’s crucial to source toe caps that meet the EN 12568 standard. Ideally, suppliers should provide third-party test reports from accredited labs like SATRA, which follow ISO 17025 guidelines. Non-metallic toe caps must comply with EN ISO 20345 and EN ISO 20346, which specify that only EN 12568-compliant toe caps can be used.
Design plays a key role in ensuring effective performance. The "protection space" principle dictates that the toe cap must withstand impact and compression without deforming or breaking. Factors such as material strength, thickness, shape, hem width, and internal depth all contribute to the overall protection level.
Compression and impact tests vary slightly between standards, depending on factors like impact energy and required clearance. Regardless of the standard, the actual performance of the toe cap is critical. That’s why testing is done on the finished shoe, not just the component, to ensure real-world effectiveness.
Other elements, such as the sole design, also influence protection. A hard sole offers better support, while proper alignment of the sole edge with the toe cap prevents deformation. Sole features like grooves or treads can reduce support if not carefully designed.
Footbeds and midsoles also play a role. If an insole extends into the toe area, it may reduce the clearance needed for proper protection. Similarly, anti-puncture midsoles must be properly positioned to avoid interfering with the toe cap during compression tests.
Finally, correct installation of the toe cap during production is essential. Poor placement can lead to instability and reduced protection. As footwear technology evolves, manufacturers must continuously adapt designs to maximize safety and functionality.