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Interpretation of the standard of automotive textiles
Automotive textiles are emerging as a promising "blue ocean" in the textile industry, offering new growth opportunities for manufacturers. Chinese textile companies are increasingly looking to enter this specialized market. However, the automotive sector is highly regulated, with stringent requirements for components that vary significantly from one manufacturer to another. As a result, cross-industry standards have become a major barrier for new entrants. To address these challenges, this website spoke with Li Xinxing, Technical Manager of Exterior Parts at SGS Automotive Service Department, to provide practical guidance for companies aiming to break into this field.
**What are the automotive standards organizations and related standards around the world?**
In the United States:
- **SAE** (Society of Automotive Engineers)
- **AATCC** (American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists)
- **ASTM** (American Society for Testing and Materials)
- **FMVSS** (Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards)
In Europe:
- **VDA** (Verband der Automobilindustrie) – German Automotive Industry Association
In Asia:
- **JASO** (Japan Automotive Standards Organization)
- **GB** (National Standards of China)
- **QC** (Automotive Industry Standard)
Major OEMs also have their own internal standards, such as:
- **Ford** – WSS-M99P2222–B
- **General Motors (GM)** – GME and GM standards
- **Volkswagen** – VW50180
- **Isuzu** – ISUZU standards
**What are the key differences between automotive textiles and regular textiles?**
Automotive textiles are not just about aesthetics or comfort; they must meet strict performance criteria. In addition to general textile quality, they must comply with specific automotive requirements such as low volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, flame resistance, and durability. For example, seat fabrics must be wear-resistant and breathable, while floor mats need to be durable and easy to clean. These characteristics make automotive textiles more complex and technically demanding than standard textiles.
**What are the main quality requirements and standards for automotive textiles?**
Major vehicle manufacturers typically focus on the following key areas:
1. **VOC Emissions**: All leading automakers impose strict limits on harmful emissions. Standards like **VW50180** (Volkswagen) and **WSS-M99P2222–B** (Ford) are commonly referenced.
2. **Flame Retardancy**: This is often mandated by law. Common standards include **FMVSS302** (U.S.) and **GB841** (China).
3. **Lightfastness**: Different regions have varying light exposure standards. For instance:
- U.S. cars often follow **XEJ1960** or **SAE J1885**
- Japanese cars use **JIS D0205** (carbon arc lighting)
- European cars may use **PV1303** (xenon lamp testing)
4. **Performance Characteristics**: Specific requirements depend on the part's function. For example, car seats require high wear resistance, while carpets need good stain resistance and durability.
**How should automotive textile suppliers respond to industry and buyer demands?**
Suppliers must stay ahead of trends by developing eco-friendly, safe, and long-lasting products that align with both regulatory and customer expectations. This involves keeping up-to-date with national and industry regulations, as well as understanding the evolving technical requirements of major OEMs. Companies should regularly assess their compliance levels and make necessary improvements. When in doubt, seeking expert advice from testing agencies or technical consultants can help ensure success in the competitive automotive market.
**How can suppliers better understand and meet the needs of automotive companies?**
Testing organizations play a crucial role in bridging the gap between suppliers and OEMs. By leveraging expertise in testing, technology, and partnerships, they can assist companies in selecting or producing greener, safer, and more durable materials. Services provided include product testing, technical consultation, test planning, and interpretation of standard requirements. With this support, suppliers can refine their products to meet the growing and ever-changing demands of the automotive industry.