As an ancient gem, amber has been carved through time, deep and charming. It is derived from trees and has a charming color and a warm touch. The innate spirituality is like the fingerprint of human beings. Every amber is unique in the world. Amber has developed rapidly in recent years, and its market share and price have shown a rapid increase. Since ancient times, amber has been a precious gem that is loved by people, both in Europe and China. It is also a gemstone accepted by all three religions. Amber formation 3500-50 million years ago, there were large forests on the earth. Many trees secreted viscous resin in order to resist insect damage. In the subsequent dramatic changes in the earth's crust, some forests sank into the seabed, resin and partially filled with juice. After being soaked, buried, and solidified, the trunk is petrified during the movement of the earth's crust, forming a beautiful and mysterious ancient gem, amber. Main producing area There are hundreds of amber stores in the world. Wherever there is a variety of extinct plant hardening gums, there will be amber. However, there are no more than 20 places that are rich in storage and worthy of exploitation, and the ages are quite different. Due to the types and locations of resins embedded in the strata in the ancient times, the differences in age, etc., amber in different degrees of petrochemical, nature, appearance. Baltic sea According to the International Amber Association, more than 85% of the world's high quality amber is produced in the Baltic region. It is currently the world's largest amber producing area, such as Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Russia and other Baltic countries, the largest of which is located in Russia. Kaliningrad. The vast majority of Baltic amber is dominated by gold, and is derived from the Oligocence rosin fossil. It has a smooth texture and a high succinic acid content. 2. Dominica The amber produced in the Dominican Republic of South America is from the legume Hymenaeaprotera. It was formed in the Middle Oligocene (30 million years ago) to the Miocene (20 million years ago). Dominican amber is buried in volcanic ash. Some amber is blue or green under ultraviolet light due to the fact that other minerals are incorporated into amber, and the famous Dominican blue puer is produced here. Although the mining of Dominican amber has been around for hundreds of years, it was not known until nearly 50 years, production is scarce and mining is not easy. 3. Mexico Mexican amber is produced in Chiapas, and its color is mostly yellow and light brown. It is more green in the ultraviolet light and occasionally blue. Amber is often accompanied by cracks. The age is about 20-30 million years, and the same period as Dominica amber, but overall the transparency is slightly inferior to Dominican amber. 4. Myanmar Myanmar is one of the world's important amber (mine) producers and the most important source of Asian amber. Burmese amber is an extremely precious mine, and it has been formed for a longer period of time than the Baltic varieties such as the Baltic Sea. The Burmese amber English name is Burmite, which dates back to the Cretaceous era. The main producing areas are located in the marshes of the northern border of Myanmar and India, with few people and rare production. Myanmar amber is rich in color, with internal moiré interlaced, and most of them have the same fluorescent response as Lanper. Gemological properties of amber Chemical composition: chemical formula C10H16O, can contain H2S. Crystalline state: amorphous body. Common colors: light yellow, yellow to dark brown red, orange, red, white, occasionally green. Gloss: Resin gloss. Cleavage: None. Mohs hardness: 2 to 2.5. Density: 1.08 (+0.02, -0.08) g/cm3. Photographic characteristics: homogeneous bodies, common abnormal extinction. Polychromism: None. Refractive index: 1.540 (+0.005, -0.001). Birefringence: none. Ultraviolet fluorescence: weak to strong, yellow-green to orange-yellow, white, blue-white or blue. Absorption spectrum: none. Magnification check: bubbles, flow lines, insects or animals, plant debris, other organic and inorganic inclusions. Special properties: hot needles melt, and have aroma, friction can be charged; infrared spectroscopy can effectively identify amber and its related imitations. Amber gemological classification 1. Classification according to characteristics such as transparency, color, and inclusion: Jinpo: yellow to golden transparent amber Blood: brown to red transparent amber Green Per: Light green to green transparent amber, rare Beeswax: translucent to opaque amber Lanpo: The amber color of the amber is yellow, brownish yellow, yellowish green and brownish red. It has a unique blue color with different shades under natural light. It is more obvious under ultraviolet light, mainly produced in Dominica. Plant: Amber containing plants (such as flowers, leaves, roots, stems, seeds, etc.) Insect: Amber containing insects or other organisms 2. Classification according to the generated geological environment Seawater amber: mainly distributed in the coastal areas of the Baltic Sea and released by erosion of the waves. High transparency and relatively easy mining, such as beeswax, blood, and gold Rock layer amber: buried deep underground, mining is not easy, such as Lan Po, Burmese amber Coal seam amber: Produced from coal seams, often accompanied by impurities, such as Fushun amber Identification of amber 1. Optimized processing method and identification characteristics of amber 1.1 Optimization method Heat treatment: additional pressure treatment to deepen the color of the amber surface; or to produce a sheet-like fringing crack inside the amber, commonly referred to as "little lotus leaf" or "sun light"; or to make amber transparent. Compressive treatment: The layered amber rough is compacted by compaction, and the magmatic reddish-brown pattern can be seen by magnifying inspection. The original epidermis and pores are retained, which can be distinguished from the reconstructed amber. Colorless film: enhances amber surface gloss and abrasion resistance. 1.2 Processing method Dyeing: Imitate amber in brown, green or other colors. Colored film: enlargement inspection shows that the surface of the amber surface of the film is light, no transition, uneven coloration, often leaving traces of spraying; after soaking with needle or acetone, the film sometimes falls off; the infrared spectrum can detect the film. Ingredients, can be distinguished from amber. Warming and pressure-changing color treatment: multiple heating and pressing treatment can change the color of amber, which is green or other rare color. Filling treatment: The magnified inspection shows that the filling material is mostly concave, accompanied by air bubbles remaining during the filling process. 2. Identification of amber and its similar products Natural resin: infrared spectrum distinguishes Imitation amber: infrared spectrum distinguishes Reconstituted amber: "blood silk"-like structure, visible grain boundaries Flatten amber: zoom in and see visible stitching Amber storage and maintenance Amber is a precious and mysterious natural organic gem, and more and more people are fascinated by it. The warmth and peace that it exudes, elegance and spirituality are unmatched by other jewels and jade. Beautiful gems naturally need our care, then we will briefly talk about its daily storage and how to maintain it. 1. Amber storage Please store and use a special packaging box (bag) when storing; Avoid contact with or coexist with sharp objects; Always worn, the oil secreted by human skin is most beneficial to amber; After washing with water, apply a small amount of olive oil to keep the amber luster, but avoid using a hard brush to clean. 2. Daily maintenance of amber Amber jewelry is afraid of high temperatures. Don't put it in the sun for a long time or close to an open flame. It is too dry and easy to crack. Try to avoid strong fluctuations in temperature. To keep the amber warm and delicate, be sure to avoid exposure to acids, alkalis, alcohol, gasoline, pesticides, etc. When wearing beautiful amber jewelry, please avoid touching the makeup liquid such as nail polish, hair gel and perfume. Amber has a low hardness and is most afraid of wrestling and bumping. Rubbing with hard objects can cause roughening and fine marks on the surface. It is recommended that you pay attention to the following when purchasing amber: Design with cultural heritage and artistic value Amber color is uniform, no impurities, pure color Natural texture or inclusions are complete and clear, not scattered The whole is cut and polished, and the carving process is exquisite. No trauma, cracks or potholes on the surface The setting is firm, the weaving is firm, and the amber gem is not easy to fall off. Printed Fabric,Rayon Printed Fabric,Printing Poplin Fabric,Printed Single Jersey Fabrics SHAOXING LINGGE TEXTILE CO., LTD. , https://www.lingertex.com